Understanding and Fixing a Faulty Air Conditioner Compressor

The Air Conditioner Compressor Cycle

According to our research, the compressor is the core of an air conditioner's cooling system. It works to convert refrigerant from a gas state to a liquid state and back to gas in a continuous cycle. The main functions of the compressor include:

1. Compression: The compressor pulls in cool refrigerant gas from indoors, heats it using high temperatures and pressure, and expels it as a hot gas.
2. Heat Transfer: The hot gas is expelled towards the finned condenser coil, where outdoor air is blown through the fins and across the coil, extracting heat from the refrigerant and transferring it outdoors.
3. Liquid Conversion: Once enough heat is extracted, the refrigerant turns into a warm liquid and is filtered through high pressure until it reaches the expansion valve, where it is cooled down and transitions from high to low pressure.
4. Heat Absorption: The refrigerant reaches the evaporator, where the lower pressure forces it to revert to a gas state. This process requires heat, which is provided by the evaporator coil's fans blowing over the warm indoor air, resulting in cooler indoor temperatures.

Fixing a Faulty Air Conditioner Compressor

Fixing a faulty air conditioner compressor can be complex due to its interconnectedness with other mechanical parts. It's recommended to seek professional help, but if you have basic technical knowledge, you can attempt to fix it yourself by following these steps:

Step 1: Identify the Problem

Ensure that the compressor is the source of the issue by checking for warm or no air coming out of the unit. Rule out other potential causes, such as:

• Checking if the unit is plugged in and receiving power
• Verifying control settings on the remote
• Investigating other components like blower fans, ductwork, and air filters

Common compressor problems include improper cooling, burning out, and hard starting.

Step 2: Check the Compressor Type

Consult your unit's manual to identify the type of compressor you have, as this information is crucial for purchasing the correct replacement. The five main types of compressors are:

1. Reciprocating
2. Scroll
3. Screw
4. Rotary

Step 3: Remove the Refrigerant

Before attempting any repairs, disconnect the unit from the power supply to avoid injury. Then, remove all traces of refrigerant by cutting off the refrigerant lines.

Step 4: Remove the Compressor

Locate the compressor, which is usually found outside, and remove it by unbolting it and removing the hosing.

Step 5: Install the New Compressor

Install the replacement compressor using the mounting bolts and reconnect all refrigerant lines. Consider replacing the coils as well.

Step 6: Reassemble and Test

Reassemble the unit, reconnect it to the power source, and check if the problem is resolved. If issues persist, consult a professional to avoid further complications.

Conclusion

Understanding how an air conditioner compressor works and identifying common problems can help you troubleshoot and potentially fix issues yourself. However, if you lack technical experience, it's best to seek the guidance of a professional technician to ensure proper repairs and prevent further damage to your unit.