Refrigerants are fluids used in refrigeration cycles and heat pumps. They typically undergo a transition from liquid to gas and back again. According to our research, the main criteria for a refrigerant are safe usage, non-flammability, and non-toxicity. Most modern refrigerants are designed to avoid causing climate change or ozone depletion while having the best possible thermodynamic properties.
R134a, also known as Tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F), is considered the best automotive refrigerant for replacing R12. It is a cheaper, more reliable alternative that has been widely accepted as a replacement for older automotive refrigerants. R134a belongs to a family of refrigerants that do not damage the ozone layer, unlike previous CFC products. Non-corrosive, non-flammable, and non-toxic, R134a is used in reciprocating compressors, centrifuges, air conditioning systems in new cars, as a propellant in the pharmaceutical industry, and in plastic foam manufacturing.
R134a has various applications beyond automotive air conditioning systems, including:
R134a was specifically designed to replace R12, making it the better choice. Although R12 production has stopped, limited stock may still be available in shops at a higher price per pound compared to R134a. While those currently using R12 may be reluctant to switch, it is important to note that the transition to R134a is inevitable. From our research, R134a is more efficient than its predecessor, despite requiring more effective condensing. However, the performance of R134a also depends on the air conditioning unit and the amount of refrigerant used.
To compare the efficiency of R134a and R12, two identical cars were equipped with equal amounts of each refrigerant. The vehicle using R134a was able to remove more heat than the one using R12. The performance of R134a is influenced by factors such as the condenser, the expansion valve with the superheat setting, and the amount of refrigerant used. A condenser designed to release large amounts of heat will help remove the heat expelled by R134a from the car. Matching the ideal amount of R134a to the car's requirements can balance the heat removed by the evaporator and discharged by the condenser.
It is also essential to consider the efficiency of the air conditioning system when evaluating an automotive refrigerant's performance. A faulty unit with a dirty or clogged condenser, a malfunctioning expansion valve, or water infiltration can hinder R134a from working at its full potential.
Car owners may choose to convert from R12 to R134a on their own, but the process can be challenging, especially for novices. Cheap retrofit kits from auto parts stores often lack essential components such as a refrigerant recovery system, a vacuum pump, and a set of gauges with both high and low side gauges.
While not complicated, converting to R134a can be challenging and should ideally be performed by a professional air conditioning system technician experienced with R134a and familiar with your car. The process involves unplugging the clutch wire, loosening the air conditioning belt, removing the compressor, discarding the old oil, and checking for metal particles or gelled oil bits. If necessary, a liquid flush should be performed on the evaporator, lines, and condensers.
Next, the compressor is recharged with 5-6 ounces of ester oil, depending on the vehicle. The compressor is then reinstalled, and all hose lines are reattached with R134a-compatible O-rings lubricated with compressor oil. The air conditioning belt is reattached, the clutch wire plugged in, and port adaptors attached. The old drier is replaced with a new one containing an R134a-compatible desiccant, using new O-rings. Installing a high-pressure switch in the air conditioning unit is highly recommended if the vehicle lacks one.
Removing or replacing system components such as hoses, driers, and condensers requires adding more refrigerant to the system. The recommended dosage is 5-6 ounces for the compressor, which will cover the compressor, evaporator, and drier. The oil will move through the entire system once it is turned on.
When replacing a compressor or changing O-rings and seals due to leakage, it is best to use components compatible with R134a refrigerant. A mere conversion does not require a full replacement of seals or O-rings, but regular replacements are necessary due to wear and tear. When adjusting a connection, replace the O-ring with an R134a-compatible model and lubricate it before attaching.
Generally, the expansion valve does not need to be replaced, as it works well with R134a refrigerant. However, if it is performing poorly, choose an expansion valve specifically designed for R134a.
R134a refrigerant is an efficient, environmentally-friendly alternative to older automotive refrigerants like R12. While converting from R12 to R134a can be done by car owners, it is recommended to seek the assistance of a professional technician to avoid damaging vital parts or incurring unnecessary costs. By understanding the properties, applications, and conversion process of R134a, vehicle owners can make informed decisions about their automotive air conditioning systems.